A DC motor is an electric machine that converts direct current (DC) electrical energy into mechanical energy. These motors are widely used in various applications, such as robotics, electric vehicles, and industrial machinery, due to their efficiency, reliability, and ease of control. In this article, we will explore how a DC motor works, its components, and the principles behind its operation.

To understand how a DC motor functions, it's important to first examine its key components:

The working principle of a DC motor is based on the interaction between magnetic fields and electric currents. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

The stator either contains field windings connected to a DC power source or uses permanent magnets to create a constant magnetic field.

When the motor is powered, current flows through the armature windings, creating an electromagnetic field around them.

According to Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the conductor. This force causes the armature to rotate.

As the armature rotates, the commutator changes the direction of current in the armature coils. This ensures continuous rotation by maintaining the torque in one direction.

There are several types of DC motors, each suited for different applications:

Understanding how a DC motor works helps in appreciating its importance in modern technology. From basic principles of electromagnetism to practical applications in everyday devices, DC motors remain a cornerstone of engineering innovation. Whether you're designing a robot or repairing an electric tool, knowing the inner workings of a DC motor is invaluable.